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Flevy Management Insights Case Study
Transformation Strategy for Mid-Size Equipment Manufacturer in Aerospace


Fortune 500 companies typically bring on global consulting firms, like McKinsey, BCG, Bain, Deloitte, and Accenture, or boutique consulting firms specializing in Commercial Due Diligence to thoroughly analyze their unique business challenges and competitive situations. These firms provide strategic recommendations based on consulting frameworks, subject matter expertise, benchmark data, KPIs, best practices, and other tools developed from past client work. We followed this management consulting approach for this case study.

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Consider this scenario: A mid-size equipment manufacturer in the aerospace sector faces a 20% decline in market share due to increased competition and supply chain disruptions.

The organization is grappling with operational inefficiencies and a slow adoption of advanced manufacturing technologies, leading to higher production costs and extended lead times. The primary strategic objective is to enhance operational efficiency and technology adoption to regain market share and improve profitability.



This organization is an aerospace equipment manufacturer experiencing decreased market share due to competitive pressures and supply chain issues. A closer examination suggests that the root cause may lie in the company's lag in adopting advanced manufacturing technologies and inefficiencies in operational processes. The organization also faces external challenges such as fluctuating raw material costs and stringent regulatory requirements.

Competitive Market Analysis

The aerospace equipment manufacturing industry is characterized by high entry barriers, advanced technological requirements, and stringent regulatory standards.

We begin our analysis by analyzing the primary forces driving the industry:

  • Internal Rivalry: High, due to established players and innovation-driven competition.
  • Supplier Power: Moderate, with specialized suppliers of raw materials and components exerting significant influence.
  • Buyer Power: High, as aerospace companies demand high-quality, cost-effective solutions.
  • Threat of New Entrants: Low, due to high capital requirements and regulatory hurdles.
  • Threat of Substitutes: Low, given the specialized nature of aerospace equipment.

Emergent trends include a shift towards digital manufacturing and Industry 4.0 technologies. These trends reveal several changes in industry dynamics:

  • Integration of IoT and AI: Offers opportunities for operational efficiency but requires significant CapEx and skilled labor.
  • Regulatory Changes: New regulations may necessitate process overhauls, presenting both compliance risks and opportunities for differentiation.
  • Supply Chain Resilience: Emphasizing local sourcing can reduce risk but may increase costs.
  • Demand for Sustainable Manufacturing: Creates opportunities for market differentiation but requires investment in green technologies.

A PESTLE analysis reveals that political factors include trade policies and tariffs affecting supply chains. Economic factors involve fluctuating raw material costs and currency exchange rates. Social factors include the growing emphasis on sustainability. Technological factors highlight the need for advanced manufacturing technologies. Legal factors involve compliance with stringent aerospace regulations. Environmental factors emphasize sustainable manufacturing practices.

For effective implementation, take a look at these Commercial Due Diligence best practices:

Commercial Due Diligence (CDD) (63-slide PowerPoint deck)
Due Diligence Kickoff Presentation (21-slide PowerPoint deck)
Financial Due Diligence Scope of Work (7-page Word document)
Comprehensive Due Diligence Checklist (33-page PDF document)
M&A Due Diligence Checklist (163-slide PowerPoint deck)
View additional Commercial Due Diligence best practices

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Internal Assessment

The organization boasts strong engineering capabilities and a skilled workforce but faces challenges in operational efficiency and technology adoption.

Benchmarking Analysis

Compared to industry leaders, the organization lags in implementing advanced manufacturing technologies, resulting in higher production costs and longer lead times. Competitors have adopted IoT and automation, achieving significant cost savings and operational efficiencies. The organization must bridge this gap to remain competitive.

Organizational Design Analysis

The current hierarchical structure hampers decision-making and innovation. A shift towards a more decentralized model could empower frontline employees, fostering quicker decision-making and innovation. The disconnect between management and operational teams needs addressing to align strategic goals with operational realities.

4 Actions Framework Analysis

To address these issues, the organization should eliminate redundant processes to improve efficiency. Reduce lead times by adopting advanced manufacturing technologies. Raise the skill level of the workforce through targeted training programs. Create new value propositions by integrating IoT and AI into manufacturing processes, enhancing product quality.

Strategic Initiatives

The leadership team formulated strategic initiatives based on the comprehensive understanding gained from the previous industry analysis and internal capability assessment, outlining specific, actionable steps that align with the strategic plan's objectives over a 3-5 year horizon.

  • Adoption of Advanced Manufacturing Technologies: Implement IoT and AI solutions to enhance operational efficiency and reduce production costs. The source of value creation is operational cost savings and improved product quality, requiring investment in technology and training.
  • Supply Chain Resilience: Develop local sourcing strategies to mitigate supply chain risks. This will create value by reducing dependency on global suppliers and ensuring a stable supply chain, requiring investment in local partnerships and logistics.
  • Regulatory Compliance Enhancement: Implement systems to ensure compliance with evolving aerospace regulations. The source of value creation is risk mitigation and market access, requiring investment in compliance systems and training.
  • Workforce Skill Development: Launch training programs to upskill employees in advanced manufacturing technologies. This initiative aims to improve operational efficiency and innovation, requiring investment in training and development resources.
  • Commercial Due Diligence: Conduct thorough market and competitor analyses to identify growth opportunities and mitigate risks. The source of value creation is informed decision-making, requiring human capital and financial resources for research and analysis.
  • Sustainable Manufacturing Practices: Invest in green technologies to meet market demand for sustainable products. This initiative aims to differentiate the company in the market, requiring investment in sustainable technologies and processes.

Commercial Due Diligence Implementation KPIs

KPIS are crucial throughout the implementation process. They provide quantifiable checkpoints to validate the alignment of operational activities with our strategic goals, ensuring that execution is not just activity-driven, but results-oriented. Further, these KPIs act as early indicators of progress or deviation, enabling agile decision-making and course correction if needed.


What gets measured gets done, what gets measured and fed back gets done well, what gets rewarded gets repeated.
     – John E. Jones

  • Operational Efficiency Improvement: Measure reductions in production costs and lead times.
  • Technology Adoption Rate: Track the implementation and usage rate of new technologies.
  • Supply Chain Stability: Monitor the percentage of locally sourced materials and components.
  • Regulatory Compliance Rate: Measure the number of compliance violations and audit findings.
  • Employee Skill Level: Assess improvements in employee skill sets through training completion rates and performance evaluations.

These KPIs will provide insights into the effectiveness of the strategic initiatives, enabling the organization to make informed decisions and course corrections as needed.

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Stakeholder Management

Success of the strategic initiatives hinges on the involvement and support of both internal and external stakeholders, including engineering teams, technology partners, and regulatory bodies. In particular, our external technology partners play an important role in informing us of and validating end-consumer requirements.

  • Engineering Teams: Crucial for implementing advanced manufacturing technologies.
  • Technology Partners: Vendors responsible for providing IoT and AI solutions.
  • Supply Chain Managers: Essential for developing local sourcing strategies.
  • Regulatory Bodies: Ensure compliance with aerospace regulations.
  • Training and Development Teams: Responsible for upskilling employees.
  • Market Analysts: Conduct commercial due diligence.
Stakeholder GroupsRACI
Engineering Teams
Technology Partners
Supply Chain Managers
Regulatory Bodies
Training and Development Teams
Market Analysts

We've only identified the primary stakeholder groups above. There are also participants and groups involved for various activities in each of the strategic initiatives.

Learn more about Stakeholder Management Change Management Focus Interviewing Workshops Supplier Management

Commercial Due Diligence Deliverables

These are a selection of deliverables across all the strategic initiatives.

  • Transformation Strategy Framework (PPT)
  • Supply Chain Resilience Plan (PPT)
  • Technology Adoption Roadmap (PPT)
  • Regulatory Compliance Guidelines (PPT)
  • Employee Training Plan (PPT)

Explore more Commercial Due Diligence deliverables

Commercial Due Diligence Best Practices

To improve the effectiveness of implementation, we can leverage best practice documents in Commercial Due Diligence. These resources below were developed by management consulting firms and Commercial Due Diligence subject matter experts.

Adoption of Advanced Manufacturing Technologies

The implementation team leveraged several established business frameworks to help with the analysis and implementation of this initiative, including the Resource-Based View (RBV) and the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework. RBV is a strategic management tool that focuses on the internal resources of an organization as key to achieving sustainable competitive advantage. It was particularly useful in this context, as it helped identify and leverage the organization's unique resources and capabilities to implement advanced manufacturing technologies. The team followed this process:

  • Conducted an internal audit to identify unique resources, such as specialized engineering skills and proprietary technologies.
  • Assessed how these resources could be effectively utilized to adopt IoT and AI solutions in manufacturing processes.
  • Developed a strategic plan to allocate resources towards technology adoption, focusing on areas with the highest potential for operational efficiency improvements.

The Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework was also employed to understand the external and internal factors influencing technology adoption. This framework was useful for analyzing the technological, organizational, and environmental contexts that could affect the implementation of advanced manufacturing technologies. The team followed this process:

  • Analyzed the technological context, including the availability and maturity of IoT and AI solutions in the market.
  • Evaluated the organizational context, such as the readiness of the workforce and the existing technological infrastructure.
  • Examined the environmental context, including regulatory requirements and market trends favoring advanced manufacturing technologies.

The implementation of these frameworks resulted in a structured approach to adopting advanced manufacturing technologies, leading to a 15% reduction in production costs and a 20% decrease in lead times, thereby improving operational efficiency and product quality.

Supply Chain Resilience

The implementation team utilized the Value Chain Analysis and the SCOR (Supply Chain Operations Reference) model to enhance supply chain resilience. Value Chain Analysis is a strategic tool used to analyze internal activities to understand how they contribute to the organization's value proposition. It was particularly useful in identifying key areas within the supply chain that could be optimized for resilience. The team followed this process:

  • Mapped out the entire value chain, from raw material procurement to final product delivery.
  • Identified critical points of vulnerability, such as dependency on specific suppliers or logistical bottlenecks.
  • Developed strategies to mitigate these vulnerabilities, such as diversifying suppliers and optimizing logistics.

The SCOR model was also employed to standardize supply chain processes and improve performance. This model provides a comprehensive framework for evaluating and improving supply chain operations. The team followed this process:

  • Assessed current supply chain processes using the SCOR model's metrics and best practices.
  • Identified performance gaps and areas for improvement, such as inventory management and supplier collaboration.
  • Implemented standardized processes and performance metrics to enhance supply chain resilience.

The implementation of these frameworks resulted in a more resilient supply chain, reducing dependency on single suppliers by 30% and improving overall supply chain performance metrics by 25%.

Regulatory Compliance Enhancement

The implementation team leveraged the COSO (Committee of Sponsoring Organizations) framework and the Compliance Risk Management framework to enhance regulatory compliance. The COSO framework is a widely recognized model for designing, implementing, and conducting internal controls and assessing their effectiveness. It was particularly useful for ensuring comprehensive compliance with aerospace regulations. The team followed this process:

  • Conducted a risk assessment to identify areas of non-compliance and potential regulatory risks.
  • Developed and implemented internal controls to address identified risks and ensure compliance.
  • Regularly monitored and tested the effectiveness of these controls to ensure ongoing compliance.

The Compliance Risk Management framework was also employed to systematically manage compliance risks. This framework provides a structured approach to identifying, assessing, and mitigating compliance risks. The team followed this process:

  • Identified key compliance risks through a comprehensive risk assessment process.
  • Developed risk mitigation strategies, including training programs and policy updates.
  • Implemented a compliance monitoring system to track and report on compliance performance.

The implementation of these frameworks resulted in a significant reduction in compliance violations and audit findings, enhancing the organization's reputation and ensuring market access.

Workforce Skill Development

The implementation team utilized the ADDIE (Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, Evaluate) model and the Kirkpatrick Model for training evaluation to upskill the workforce. The ADDIE model is a systematic instructional design framework that guides the development of effective training programs. It was particularly useful for creating a structured approach to workforce skill development. The team followed this process:

  • Analyzed the current skill levels and training needs of employees.
  • Designed training programs tailored to address identified skill gaps.
  • Developed training materials and resources to support the training programs.
  • Implemented the training programs, ensuring employee participation and engagement.
  • Evaluated the effectiveness of the training programs and made necessary adjustments.

The Kirkpatrick Model was also employed to evaluate the effectiveness of the training programs. This model provides a comprehensive framework for assessing the impact of training on different levels, from reaction to results. The team followed this process:

  • Measured employee reactions to the training programs through surveys and feedback.
  • Assessed learning outcomes by evaluating knowledge and skill acquisition.
  • Evaluated behavioral changes by observing the application of new skills in the workplace.
  • Analyzed the overall impact of the training on organizational performance metrics.

The implementation of these frameworks resulted in a 20% improvement in employee skill levels and a 15% increase in operational efficiency, fostering a more capable and innovative workforce.

Commercial Due Diligence

The implementation team leveraged the McKinsey 7S Framework and the VRIO (Value, Rarity, Imitability, Organization) Analysis to conduct thorough commercial due diligence. The McKinsey 7S Framework is a management model that analyzes 7 internal elements of an organization to ensure they are aligned and mutually reinforcing. It was particularly useful for understanding the organization's internal capabilities and identifying areas for improvement. The team followed this process:

  • Assessed each of the 7 elements: strategy, structure, systems, shared values, style, staff, and skills.
  • Identified misalignments and areas for improvement to enhance organizational performance.
  • Developed action plans to address identified gaps and align all elements with the strategic objectives.

The VRIO Analysis was also employed to evaluate the organization's resources and capabilities in terms of their value, rarity, imitability, and organization. This analysis helped identify the organization's competitive strengths and areas needing improvement. The team followed this process:

  • Evaluated key resources and capabilities based on the VRIO criteria.
  • Identified resources that provided a competitive advantage and areas that required enhancement.
  • Developed strategies to leverage valuable and rare resources while improving those that were imitable or poorly organized.

The implementation of these frameworks resulted in a comprehensive understanding of the organization's internal capabilities, leading to informed decision-making and strategic planning. This facilitated the identification of growth opportunities and risk mitigation strategies, ultimately enhancing the organization's market position.

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Key Findings and Results

Here is a summary of the key results of this case study:

  • Reduced production costs by 15% through the adoption of IoT and AI solutions in manufacturing processes.
  • Decreased lead times by 20%, enhancing operational efficiency and product quality.
  • Improved supply chain resilience, reducing dependency on single suppliers by 30% and enhancing overall performance metrics by 25%.
  • Achieved a significant reduction in compliance violations and audit findings, ensuring market access and enhancing the organization's reputation.
  • Increased employee skill levels by 20% through targeted training programs, resulting in a 15% improvement in operational efficiency.

The overall results of the initiative indicate substantial progress in addressing the organization's operational inefficiencies and technology adoption challenges. The 15% reduction in production costs and 20% decrease in lead times demonstrate significant improvements in operational efficiency. The enhanced supply chain resilience, marked by a 30% reduction in dependency on single suppliers, has mitigated risks associated with supply chain disruptions. Additionally, the reduction in compliance violations and audit findings has fortified the organization's market position. However, the initiative faced challenges in fully aligning the organizational structure with strategic goals, which may have limited the potential impact of some initiatives. The slow pace of technology adoption in certain areas and the initial resistance to change among employees were also notable hurdles. Alternative strategies, such as a phased approach to technology implementation and more robust change management programs, could have further enhanced the outcomes.

Moving forward, it is recommended to continue investing in advanced manufacturing technologies, focusing on areas with the highest potential for operational efficiency improvements. Strengthening the alignment between strategic goals and organizational structure through a more decentralized model can empower frontline employees and foster innovation. Additionally, expanding training programs to cover emerging technologies and fostering a culture of continuous improvement will be crucial. Finally, enhancing stakeholder engagement, particularly with technology partners and regulatory bodies, will ensure sustained compliance and market competitiveness.

Source: Transformation Strategy for Mid-Size Equipment Manufacturer in Aerospace, Flevy Management Insights, 2024

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