Flevy Management Insights Case Study
Sustainable Packaging Strategy for Biodegradable Products in the European Market


Fortune 500 companies typically bring on global consulting firms, like McKinsey, BCG, Bain, Deloitte, and Accenture, or boutique consulting firms specializing in Value Based Management to thoroughly analyze their unique business challenges and competitive situations. These firms provide strategic recommendations based on consulting frameworks, subject matter expertise, benchmark data, KPIs, best practices, and other tools developed from past client work. We followed this management consulting approach for this case study.

TLDR A leading manufacturer of biodegradable packaging materials faced rising production costs and declining market share due to competition from cheaper alternatives and volatile raw material prices. By integrating Value Based Management focused on sustainability, the company successfully reduced production costs and increased market share, highlighting the importance of aligning operational strategies with sustainability goals.

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Consider this scenario: A leading manufacturer of biodegradable packaging materials, facing challenges in integrating value based management across its operations.

The organization is experiencing a 20% increase in production costs due to volatile raw material prices and a 15% decline in market share as competitors introduce cheaper, non-biodegradable alternatives. External pressures include stringent environmental regulations and changing consumer preferences towards sustainability. The primary strategic objective is to streamline operations and reinforce the company's market position by leveraging its commitment to sustainability.



The organization under scrutiny is encountering significant hurdles in maintaining its competitive edge within the biodegradable packaging sector. Initial analysis suggests that these challenges stem from a reactive approach to market changes and a lack of strategic alignment with value based management principles. The company's leadership is concerned that without a shift towards a more proactive and strategic framework, the organization might continue to lose ground to competitors who are rapidly adapting to market demands and regulatory pressures.

Market Analysis

The biodegradable packaging industry is at a critical juncture, with increasing consumer demand for sustainable packaging solutions driving growth. However, this growth is tempered by significant challenges including high raw material costs and competitive pressures from traditional packaging manufacturers.

  • Internal Rivalry: High, driven by both established players and new entrants innovating to capture the growing demand for sustainable packaging.
  • Supplier Power: Moderate, with suppliers of biodegradable materials gaining leverage due to the limited availability of quality raw materials.
  • Buyer Power: High, as consumers and corporations increasingly demand sustainable packaging options and are willing to switch brands for better sustainability credentials.
  • Threat of New Entrants: Moderate, due to increasing interest in sustainability but tempered by the high cost of entering the market with compliant products.
  • Threat of Substitutes: High, with non-biodegradable options still posing a significant threat due to their lower cost and established supply chains.

Emerging trends such as the circular economy and zero waste policies are reshaping industry dynamics, creating both opportunities and risks. Notable changes include:

  • Increased regulatory scrutiny, presenting the risk of non-compliance costs but also the opportunity to lead in markets with strict environmental standards.
  • Shift towards e-commerce, requiring packaging solutions that are both sustainable and durable, creating opportunities for innovation in materials and design.
  • Growing consumer awareness of environmental issues, offering the chance to differentiate based on sustainability credentials but also raising expectations for genuine eco-friendliness.

A STEER analysis revealed that Sociocultural shifts towards sustainability, Technological advancements in biodegradable materials, Economic fluctuations affecting raw material costs, Environmental regulations, and Regulatory frameworks for waste management are all critical factors shaping the industry landscape.

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Internal Assessment

The organization's strengths lie in its strong brand reputation for sustainability and innovative biodegradable packaging solutions. However, weaknesses in cost management and scalability of production processes have been identified.

A Benchmarking Analysis against industry leaders highlighted gaps in operational efficiency and product innovation, suggesting that the company is lagging in adopting state-of-the-art production technologies and material science advancements.

The Gap Analysis further emphasized discrepancies between current capabilities and those required to effectively respond to market and regulatory changes, particularly in developing cost-effective, high-performance biodegradable materials.

A McKinsey 7-S Analysis underscored misalignments among Strategy, Structure, Systems, Shared Values, Skills, Style, and Staff, with particular weaknesses in aligning operations with strategic sustainability goals and in fostering a culture of continuous innovation.

Strategic Initiatives

  • Adopt Value Based Management to Align Operations with Sustainability Goals: This initiative aims to integrate sustainable practices into every aspect of operations, from procurement to production, to reduce costs and enhance market positioning. Value creation will stem from improved operational efficiency and brand differentiation, requiring resources for training and systems overhaul.
  • Innovate in Biodegradable Material Technology: By focusing on R&D, the company can develop superior and cost-effective biodegradable materials. The intended impact is a competitive edge in performance and price, with value creation from patentable innovations and reduced raw material costs. Significant investment in R&D and partnerships with academic institutions will be required.
  • Expand into Emerging Markets with High Sustainability Awareness: Targeting new geographical areas where environmental regulations and consumer preferences favor biodegradable solutions can increase market share. Value arises from first-mover advantages and diversification, necessitating market research and local partnership resources.

Value Based Management Implementation KPIs

KPIS are crucial throughout the implementation process. They provide quantifiable checkpoints to validate the alignment of operational activities with our strategic goals, ensuring that execution is not just activity-driven, but results-oriented. Further, these KPIs act as early indicators of progress or deviation, enabling agile decision-making and course correction if needed.


You can't control what you can't measure.
     – Tom DeMarco

  • Cost Reduction Percentage: Measures the effectiveness of value based management in lowering production costs.
  • R&D Milestones Reached: Tracks progress in biodegradable material innovation, critical for maintaining competitive advantage.
  • Market Share Growth in Targeted Regions: Indicates success in expanding into new markets with sustainability-conscious consumers.

These KPIs offer insights into the strategic plan's impact on enhancing operational efficiency, driving innovation, and expanding market presence. Continuous monitoring will enable agile adjustments to the strategy execution.

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Value Based Management Deliverables

These are a selection of deliverables across all the strategic initiatives.

  • Value Based Management Implementation Plan (PPT)
  • Biodegradable Material Innovation Roadmap (PPT)
  • Market Expansion Strategy Report (PPT)
  • Operational Efficiency Improvement Framework (PPT)

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Adopt Value Based Management to Align Operations with Sustainability Goals

The organization utilized the Resource-Based View (RBV) framework to align its operations with sustainability goals effectively. The RBV framework, which focuses on leveraging a company's internal resources and capabilities to gain a competitive advantage, proved invaluable. It helped the organization identify its unique strengths in sustainable practices and how these could be optimized to improve overall operational efficiency and market positioning. Following this analysis:

  • Conducted an internal audit to map out all resources related to sustainability, including human skills, proprietary knowledge, and physical resources.
  • Evaluated the competitive advantage of each resource, focusing on their rarity, value, inimitability, and organization (VRIO).
  • Developed strategies to enhance and protect these resources, such as investing in employee training for sustainability practices and securing patents for unique biodegradable material processes.

The organization also applied the Triple Bottom Line (TBL) framework to ensure that its value-based management efforts were comprehensively addressing economic, social, and environmental outcomes. The TBL framework's emphasis on creating value beyond financial gains aligned perfectly with the company's sustainability goals. The implementation steps included:

  • Revised the company's performance evaluation metrics to include social and environmental impact alongside financial results.
  • Implemented regular sustainability audits to measure progress in environmental and social performance areas.
  • Engaged stakeholders, including customers, employees, and local communities, to gather feedback on the company's sustainability initiatives and identify areas for improvement.

The adoption of the RBV and TBL frameworks significantly enhanced the organization's strategic alignment with sustainability goals. By focusing on its unique resources and capabilities and broadening its value creation to include social and environmental considerations, the company not only improved its operational efficiency but also strengthened its market position as a leader in sustainable packaging solutions.

Innovate in Biodegradable Material Technology

To spearhead innovation in biodegradable material technology, the organization turned to the Disruptive Innovation framework. This framework, developed by Clayton Christensen, highlights how products or services that start off as simple, affordable, and accessible can eventually displace established competitors. It was particularly useful in guiding the company's R&D efforts to develop biodegradable materials that could outperform and eventually replace traditional packaging materials. In implementing this framework, the company:

  • Identified underserved and over-served market segments to target with new biodegradable material innovations.
  • Allocated R&D resources to projects focused on developing materials that were not only sustainable but also cost-effective and high-performing.
  • Launched pilot projects with key clients to gather data on the performance and market acceptance of the new materials.

The organization also utilized the Open Innovation framework to accelerate its biodegradable material technology development. Recognizing that valuable ideas and technologies can come from external as well as internal sources, the framework guided the company in collaborating with universities, startups, and research institutions. This approach included:

  • Establishing partnerships with academic institutions for access to cutting-edge research in biodegradable materials.
  • Creating a technology scouting team to identify and evaluate external innovations that could be integrated into the company's product offerings.
  • Launching a co-development program with startups specializing in sustainable materials, providing funding and market access in exchange for proprietary technologies.

The implementation of the Disruptive Innovation and Open Innovation frameworks significantly accelerated the company's biodegradable material technology development. By focusing on underserved market needs and leveraging external expertise, the organization was able to introduce groundbreaking biodegradable packaging solutions that set new industry standards for sustainability and performance.

Expand into Emerging Markets with High Sustainability Awareness

The organization employed the Market Development Strategy framework from Ansoff's Matrix to guide its expansion into emerging markets with high sustainability awareness. This framework helped in identifying and evaluating new geographic areas where the company's biodegradable packaging solutions could meet growing demand for sustainable products. Following this strategic direction:

  • Conducted comprehensive market research to identify emerging markets with strong regulatory support for sustainability and a high consumer preference for eco-friendly products.
  • Assessed the competitive landscape in these markets to identify potential barriers to entry and key competitors.
  • Developed market entry strategies tailored to each region, including partnerships with local distributors, targeted marketing campaigns, and adaptations to product offerings to meet local needs.

To further support its market expansion efforts, the organization applied the PESTEL Analysis framework to understand the macro-environmental factors affecting its operations in these new markets. This analysis helped in anticipating and mitigating potential risks related to Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental, and Legal factors. The process involved:

  • Identifying key PESTEL factors in each target market that could impact the business, such as environmental regulations, economic stability, and cultural attitudes towards sustainability.
  • Developing strategies to leverage favorable conditions and mitigate risks, such as engaging with local policymakers, tailoring marketing messages to local cultural norms, and ensuring compliance with environmental regulations.
  • Establishing a local presence through hiring or partnerships to gain deeper insights into each market and respond more effectively to local dynamics.

By implementing the Market Development Strategy and PESTEL Analysis frameworks, the organization successfully expanded into several emerging markets with high sustainability awareness. This strategic move not only diversified the company's market presence but also reinforced its commitment to sustainability, leading to increased brand recognition and market share in these new regions.

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Key Findings and Results

Here is a summary of the key results of this case study:

  • Reduced production costs by 15% through the integration of Value Based Management focusing on sustainability practices.
  • Achieved a 20% increase in market share in targeted emerging markets with high sustainability awareness.
  • Developed and patented three new biodegradable material technologies, significantly outperforming existing solutions in sustainability and cost.
  • Launched successful pilot projects with key clients, leading to a 25% increase in client retention and attracting new business.
  • Implemented comprehensive sustainability audits, resulting in a 30% improvement in environmental and social performance metrics.
  • Established strategic partnerships with five leading academic institutions, enhancing R&D capabilities and innovation speed.

The strategic initiatives undertaken by the organization have yielded substantial benefits, particularly in reducing production costs, expanding market share, and innovating in biodegradable material technology. The successful integration of Value Based Management and the focus on sustainability have not only improved operational efficiency but also strengthened the company's market position as a leader in sustainable packaging solutions. The development and patenting of new biodegradable materials have provided a competitive edge, setting new industry standards for sustainability and performance. However, the results were not uniformly successful across all fronts. The anticipated cost reductions and market share growth, although significant, fell short of the ambitious targets set at the project's inception. These shortcomings can be attributed to underestimations of the challenges related to raw material volatility and the intensity of competition. Alternative strategies, such as more aggressive investment in next-generation technologies and deeper market analysis for better targeting, could have potentially enhanced outcomes.

For next steps, it is recommended to focus on consolidating the gains achieved through the strategic initiatives. This includes further refining the Value Based Management approach to squeeze additional cost efficiencies, particularly in logistics and supply chain management. The company should also continue to leverage its R&D advancements by exploring additional applications for its patented biodegradable materials, potentially opening new market segments. Expanding the network of strategic partnerships, both in academia for innovation and with local partners in emerging markets for better market penetration, will be crucial. Finally, a continuous loop of feedback from sustainability audits and market performance should inform iterative improvements in operations and strategy.

Source: Sustainable Packaging Strategy for Biodegradable Products in the European Market, Flevy Management Insights, 2024

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