The Competing Values Framework, developed by Robert Quinn and Jon Rohrbaugh, is a theory that was developed initially from research done on the major indicators of effective organizational performance.
Based on statistical analyses of a comprehensive list of effectiveness indicators, Quinn and Rohrbaugh discovered 2 major dimensions underlying conceptions of effectiveness, focused on:
1. Organizational focus
2. Organizational preference for structure
Together, the 2 dimensions form 4 quadrants, with each quadrant unique and defining sets of values and implications.
This model has been found useful for organizing and understanding a variety of organizational and individual topics, e.g. leadership competencies, organizational culture, organizational design.
This framework can also be used as a model for leadership management.
The Competing Values Framework is not just a theoretical model; it's a practical tool for dissecting and enhancing organizational effectiveness. The framework divides organizational effectiveness into four quadrants: Human Relations, Open Systems, Internal Process, and Rational Goal models. Each quadrant emphasizes different values and assumptions, providing a comprehensive view of organizational dynamics. This segmentation allows leaders to identify and leverage specific competencies and behaviors that align with their strategic objectives.
The Human Relations Model, for instance, focuses on internal flexibility and emphasizes cohesion, morale, and human resource development. Techniques like teamwork, collaboration, and talent management are highlighted as critical components. On the other hand, the Open Systems Model stresses external flexibility, prioritizing innovation, vision, and agility. Leaders in this quadrant are often seen as visionaries and entrepreneurs, driving constant change and transformation.
The Internal Process Model and Rational Goal Model emphasize control, both internally and externally. The Internal Process Model focuses on efficiency, stability, and control through structured processes and quality enhancement. The Rational Goal Model, however, targets goal achievement and profitability, with leaders acting as hard-driving competitors. This dual focus on flexibility and control across internal and external dimensions makes the Competing Values Framework a versatile tool for leadership development and organizational analysis.
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Source: Best Practices in Leadership, Organizational Design, Robert Quinn, Competing Values Framework, Jon Rohrbaugh PowerPoint Slides: Competing Values Framework PowerPoint (PPT) Presentation Slide Deck, PPT Lab
This PPT slide presents the Rational Goal Model, situated in the bottom-left quadrant of a larger framework. This model emphasizes the importance of control and an external focus in organizational strategy. It highlights key aspects such as planning, goal setting, productivity, and efficiency as essential components of effectiveness. The text suggests that the model prioritizes tools and techniques that enhance competitiveness, quick response times, decisiveness, and the ability to overcome barriers to achieve goals.
The slide categorizes the culture type as "Market," indicating a strong orientation towards competing in the marketplace. This suggests that organizations adopting this model are likely to prioritize market share and profitability. The orientation labeled "Compete" reinforces this focus, indicating a drive to outperform rivals and capture a larger segment of the market.
Under the "Leader Type" section, 3 descriptors—Hard-driver, Competitor, and Producer—are listed. These terms suggest that leaders in this model are assertive and results-oriented, likely pushing their teams to achieve aggressive targets. The "Value Drivers" section further emphasizes this focus by identifying market share, goal achievement, and profitability as primary metrics of success.
Finally, the "Theory of Effectiveness" posits that a strong emphasis on aggressive competition and customer focus leads to organizational effectiveness. This suggests that companies embracing the Rational Goal Model should align their strategies with these principles to drive performance and achieve their objectives.
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