Flevy Management Insights Case Study
Sustainability Strategy for Apparel Brand in Eco-Friendly Segment
     Joseph Robinson    |    Governance


Fortune 500 companies typically bring on global consulting firms, like McKinsey, BCG, Bain, Deloitte, and Accenture, or boutique consulting firms specializing in Governance to thoroughly analyze their unique business challenges and competitive situations. These firms provide strategic recommendations based on consulting frameworks, subject matter expertise, benchmark data, KPIs, best practices, and other tools developed from past client work. We followed this management consulting approach for this case study.

TLDR An established apparel brand committed to sustainability faced governance challenges, rising production costs, and declining customer loyalty due to inefficiencies and competition. The implementation of strategic frameworks led to improved supply chain efficiency and material innovation, resulting in reduced costs and enhanced customer engagement, though further efforts are needed to fully address production cost increases and strengthen market position.

Reading time: 8 minutes

Consider this scenario: An established apparel brand recognized for its commitment to sustainability is facing governance challenges that undermine its market position in the competitive eco-friendly segment.

Internally, the brand struggles with a 20% increase in production costs due to inefficient supply chain operations and a lack of innovation in sustainable materials, impacting its profitability. Externally, a 15% decline in customer loyalty has been observed, attributed to emerging brands offering more innovative and cost-effective sustainable options. The primary strategic objective of the organization is to reinforce its market leadership by enhancing supply chain efficiency, material innovation, and customer engagement in sustainability practices.



Addressing the strategic challenges this apparel brand faces requires a profound understanding of its root causes. The lack of a streamlined governance structure has led to inefficiencies in decision-making and operational execution, directly impacting its competitive edge and market position. Additionally, the brand's slow adaptation to evolving sustainable materials technology has left it trailing behind newcomers who prioritize innovation and cost-effectiveness.

Market Analysis

The apparel industry, especially the eco-friendly segment, is witnessing rapid growth as consumers increasingly prefer sustainable and ethically produced clothing. However, this growth comes with heightened competition and shifting consumer expectations.

Understanding the competitive landscape involves examining the primary forces shaping the industry:

  • Internal Rivalry: High, with brands constantly innovating to capture the eco-conscious consumer market.
  • Supplier Power: Moderate, as the availability of sustainable materials becomes more widespread.
  • Buyer Power: High, due to the availability of alternatives and increasing consumer demands for sustainability.
  • Threat of New Entrants: High, as low entry barriers allow new brands to emerge with innovative sustainable practices.
  • Threat of Substitutes: Moderate, with traditional apparel posing as the primary substitute.

Emergent trends include a shift towards transparency in supply chains and the use of innovative, sustainable materials. These dynamics suggest several major changes:

  • Increased demand for transparency in production practices, offering the opportunity to enhance brand loyalty but posing a risk for brands lagging in this area.
  • The rise of sustainable material innovation presents an opportunity to differentiate and a risk to those unable to adapt quickly.
  • Changing consumer preferences towards more sustainable lifestyles, opening opportunities for market expansion but risking alienation of brands not fully committed to sustainability.

The STEER analysis further highlights the importance of Socio-cultural shifts towards sustainability, Technological advances in materials, Environmental regulations tightening, Economic factors influencing cost structures, and Regulatory frameworks promoting ethical production.

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Internal Assessment

The brand boasts a strong reputation for sustainability and a loyal customer base but faces significant weaknesses in supply chain efficiency and material innovation.

Benchmarking Analysis against competitors reveals gaps in operational efficiency and product innovation, impacting the brand's ability to maintain its market position.

Core Competencies Analysis shows strengths in brand recognition and customer engagement but highlights the need for improvements in sustainability innovation and supply chain management.

Gap Analysis identifies discrepancies between current capabilities in sustainable material usage and industry best practices, suggesting an urgent need for strategic realignment.

Strategic Initiatives

  • Enhanced Governance Framework: Implement a governance structure that accelerates decision-making and operational efficiency. The expected impact is improved agility and responsiveness to market changes. The value creation lies in streamlined operations and reduced production costs, requiring an overhaul of current governance protocols and training programs.
  • Sustainable Material Innovation: Invest in research and development for advanced sustainable materials. This initiative aims to position the brand as a leader in material innovation, creating value through differentiation and potential premium pricing. Resources needed include partnerships with research institutions and investments in R&D.
  • Supply Chain Optimization: Redesign the supply chain for greater efficiency and sustainability. The impact will be reduced costs and a smaller environmental footprint, deriving value from increased profitability and enhanced brand reputation. This will require investments in technology and process improvements.

Governance Implementation KPIs

KPIS are crucial throughout the implementation process. They provide quantifiable checkpoints to validate the alignment of operational activities with our strategic goals, ensuring that execution is not just activity-driven, but results-oriented. Further, these KPIs act as early indicators of progress or deviation, enabling agile decision-making and course correction if needed.


What gets measured gets done, what gets measured and fed back gets done well, what gets rewarded gets repeated.
     – John E. Jones

  • Supply Chain Efficiency: Measuring improvements in production lead times and cost reductions.
  • Innovation Index: Tracking the number of sustainable materials developed and adopted.
  • Customer Engagement Score: Assessing changes in customer perceptions and loyalty towards the brand’s sustainability efforts.

These KPIs offer insights into the effectiveness of the strategic initiatives, highlighting areas of success and opportunities for further improvements. Tracking these metrics closely will ensure the brand remains aligned with its strategic objectives and market demands.

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Governance Deliverables

These are a selection of deliverables across all the strategic initiatives.

  • Governance Structure Redesign Plan (PPT)
  • Sustainable Material Innovation Roadmap (PPT)
  • Supply Chain Optimization Framework (PPT)
  • Customer Engagement Strategy Document (PPT)

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Enhanced Governance Framework

The organization adopted the McKinsey 7S Framework to ensure that all aspects of the company were aligned and capable of implementing the enhanced governance strategy effectively. The McKinsey 7S Framework, renowned for its comprehensive approach to organizational analysis, was instrumental in identifying areas within governance that required immediate attention and alignment. It provided a holistic view of the organization's current state and highlighted discrepancies between existing processes and the desired state of governance.

Following the adoption of the McKinsey 7S Framework, the organization:

  • Conducted an in-depth analysis of the existing structure, systems, and strategy to identify misalignments with the new governance objectives.
  • Evaluated the skills, staff, and style of leadership to ensure they were conducive to the enhanced governance framework, making adjustments where necessary.
  • Assessed shared values to ensure they were in harmony with the goals of the new governance structure, fostering a culture of efficiency and accountability.

As a result of implementing the McKinsey 7S Framework, the organization successfully realigned its governance structure, resulting in improved decision-making processes, enhanced operational efficiency, and a more agile response to market changes.

Sustainable Material Innovation

To drive the Sustainable Material Innovation initiative, the organization utilized the Value Chain Analysis framework. Value Chain Analysis, pioneered by Michael Porter, was critical in understanding how activities within the company added value to the final product and identifying opportunities for innovation in sustainable materials. This framework was particularly useful in pinpointing areas in the value chain where sustainable practices could be integrated or enhanced to create competitive advantage.

Implementing the Value Chain Analysis involved:

  • Mapping out the entire value chain from inbound logistics to after-sales service, identifying all activities that could impact sustainability.
  • Analyzing each activity for its potential to incorporate sustainable materials, reduce waste, or improve energy efficiency.
  • Identifying partnerships and investments needed to innovate in sustainable materials and integrate them into the product offerings.

The application of Value Chain Analysis led to significant advancements in the use of sustainable materials, enhancing the organization's competitive edge and reinforcing its commitment to sustainability. It also uncovered opportunities for cost savings and efficiency improvements throughout the supply chain.

Supply Chain Optimization

The Theory of Constraints (TOC) was the chosen framework to guide the Supply Chain Optimization initiative. The Theory of Constraints, which focuses on identifying and managing the single most limiting factor (constraint) in any process, proved invaluable in pinpointing bottlenecks in the supply chain that hindered efficiency and sustainability. By addressing these constraints, the organization aimed to significantly enhance its supply chain performance.

In applying the Theory of Constraints, the organization:

  • Identified the most critical bottlenecks in the supply chain that were causing delays and increasing costs.
  • Implemented targeted strategies to alleviate these bottlenecks, such as investing in technology upgrades and process re-engineering.
  • Continuously monitored the supply chain to identify new constraints as they arose, ensuring ongoing optimization efforts.

The utilization of the Theory of Constraints led to a more streamlined and efficient supply chain, reducing lead times and costs. This initiative not only improved the organization's operational efficiency but also enhanced its sustainability profile by minimizing waste and optimizing resource use.

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Key Findings and Results

Here is a summary of the key results of this case study:

  • Implemented the McKinsey 7S Framework, resulting in improved decision-making processes and operational efficiency.
  • Adopted Value Chain Analysis for sustainable material innovation, leading to significant advancements in sustainable material use and competitive differentiation.
  • Applied the Theory of Constraints to supply chain optimization, reducing lead times and operational costs.
  • Supply chain efficiency improvements measured a 15% reduction in production lead times and a 12% decrease in costs.
  • Innovation Index increased by 25%, reflecting the successful development and adoption of new sustainable materials.
  • Customer Engagement Score improved by 20%, indicating enhanced customer perceptions and loyalty towards the brand’s sustainability efforts.

Evaluating the results of the strategic initiatives reveals a mixed landscape of success and areas for improvement. The implementation of the McKinsey 7S Framework and the Theory of Constraints has evidently streamlined governance and supply chain operations, as reflected by the quantifiable improvements in decision-making efficiency, reduced lead times, and operational costs. The adoption of Value Chain Analysis has also positioned the brand as a leader in sustainable material innovation, which is a significant achievement given the competitive landscape. However, while these results are commendable, the expected impact on market position and governance challenges was not fully realized. The 12% decrease in costs, although significant, fell short of offsetting the initial 20% increase in production costs due to inefficiencies. Moreover, the improvement in customer engagement, while positive, suggests that there is still room for growth in fully leveraging the brand's sustainability initiatives to regain and expand its customer base. Alternative strategies, such as more aggressive investments in technology to further reduce production costs or enhanced marketing strategies to better communicate sustainability efforts to consumers, could have potentially yielded stronger results.

Based on the analysis, the recommended next steps should focus on consolidating the gains achieved while addressing the areas that fell short. Firstly, further investment in technology and process innovation should be pursued to close the gap in production cost reductions. Secondly, a more aggressive marketing and customer engagement strategy should be developed to capitalize on the brand's sustainability efforts, aiming to not only retain the existing customer base but also attract new customers. Lastly, continuous monitoring and adaptation of the governance structure should be maintained to ensure it remains agile and responsive to market changes and internal challenges.

Source: Sustainability Strategy for Apparel Brand in Eco-Friendly Segment, Flevy Management Insights, 2024

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