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Flevy Management Insights Case Study
Integrated Risk Management Strategy for Rural Hospital Networks


There are countless scenarios that require Risk Management. Fortune 500 companies typically bring on global consulting firms, like McKinsey, BCG, Bain, Deloitte, and Accenture, or boutique consulting firms specializing in Risk Management to thoroughly analyze their unique business challenges and competitive situations. These firms provide strategic recommendations based on consulting frameworks, subject matter expertise, benchmark data, best practices, and other tools developed from past client work. Let us analyze the following scenario.

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Consider this scenario: A rural hospital network is facing significant challenges in maintaining operational stability and financial viability, with risk management at the forefront of its strategic concerns.

External pressures include a 20% decrease in patient volume due to population decline and increased competition from urban healthcare centers. Internally, the organization struggles with a 15% budget shortfall affecting essential services and staff retention. The primary strategic objective of the organization is to implement an effective risk management framework to stabilize operations and secure financial health.



This rural hospital network's current predicament stems from a combination of declining regional population, competition drawing away potential patients, and internal inefficiencies. An initial analysis suggests that the root causes might include inadequate risk management practices and a lack of strategic investment in services that meet the unique needs of the rural population. Furthermore, the organization's inability to attract and retain skilled healthcare professionals exacerbates these challenges.

Industry Analysis

The healthcare industry, particularly in rural areas, is experiencing a transformation marked by the consolidation of services and an increasing emphasis on telehealth. This shift presents both challenges and opportunities for rural hospital networks.

Understanding the competitive landscape reveals:

  • Internal Rivalry: High, as rural hospitals vie for a shrinking patient base while also competing against telehealth services.
  • Supplier Power: Moderate, with a limited number of vendors specializing in rural healthcare needs.
  • Buyer Power: High, as patients have more choices for healthcare services, including non-traditional providers.
  • Threat of New Entrants: Low, due to high entry barriers including regulatory hurdles and significant capital requirements.
  • Threat of Substitutes: High, with telehealth and urban hospitals offering alternative options for patients.

Emerging trends include:

  • Increased adoption of telehealth services, offering an opportunity to expand service delivery but also risking further patient volume decline for in-person services.
  • Consolidation of healthcare providers, which could offer economies of scale but also decrease local service availability.

These shifts in the healthcare landscape necessitate a strategic reevaluation for rural hospitals, focusing on differentiation and leveraging unique community roles.

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Internal Assessment

The network boasts dedicated staff and a deep understanding of community health needs but is hampered by outdated technology and processes.

A McKinsey 7-S Analysis highlights misalignments between strategy, structure, and systems, with particular weaknesses in using technology to drive operational efficiency. The organization's culture, a traditional strength, needs realignment towards innovation and agility.

Core Competencies Analysis reveals that the organization's intimate knowledge of its community and patient-focused care are critical assets. However, to maintain its competitive edge, the network must enhance its operational efficiency and adopt new healthcare delivery models such as telehealth.

Learn more about McKinsey 7-S

Strategic Initiatives

  • Risk Management Framework Implementation: This initiative aims to enhance the organization's capacity to identify, assess, and mitigate risks, thereby stabilizing operations and financial health. The value creation lies in minimizing unexpected financial and operational disruptions. This will require resources for risk assessment tools and training for key staff.
  • Telehealth Services Expansion: By embracing telehealth, the hospital can address patient volume declines and compete more effectively with urban healthcare providers. This initiative is expected to increase patient engagement and revenue. Implementation will require investments in technology infrastructure and provider training.
  • Operational Efficiency Improvement: Streamlining processes and adopting modern healthcare technologies will reduce costs and improve service delivery. The expected value includes cost savings and enhanced patient satisfaction. Resources needed encompass process reengineering expertise and technology investments.

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Risk Management Implementation KPIs

KPIS are crucial throughout the implementation process. They provide quantifiable checkpoints to validate the alignment of operational activities with our strategic goals, ensuring that execution is not just activity-driven, but results-oriented. Further, these KPIs act as early indicators of progress or deviation, enabling agile decision-making and course correction if needed.


What you measure is what you get. Senior executives understand that their organization's measurement system strongly affects the behavior of managers and employees.
     – Robert S. Kaplan and David P. Norton (creators of the Balanced Scorecard)

  • Risk Mitigation Effectiveness: Measured by a decrease in operational disruptions and financial volatility, indicating successful risk management implementation.
  • Telehealth Adoption Rate: A critical metric to evaluate the success of telehealth services in attracting and retaining patients.
  • Operational Cost Savings: Quantifying the financial impact of efficiency improvements, directly contributing to the network's financial health.

These KPIs provide insights into the strategic plan's effectiveness, highlighting areas of success and identifying needs for adjustment to ensure the long-term sustainability of the rural hospital network.

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Risk Management Best Practices

To improve the effectiveness of implementation, we can leverage best practice documents in Risk Management. These resources below were developed by management consulting firms and Risk Management subject matter experts.

Risk Management Deliverables

These are a selection of deliverables across all the strategic initiatives.

  • Risk Management Plan (PPT)
  • Telehealth Implementation Roadmap (PPT)
  • Operational Efficiency Framework (PPT)
  • Financial Health Improvement Model (Excel)

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Risk Management Framework Implementation

The organization adopted the COSO Enterprise Risk Management Framework, recognizing its comprehensive approach to risk management. This framework, developed by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, is instrumental in identifying, assessing, managing, and monitoring risks across the enterprise. It proved particularly useful for integrating risk management practices into the hospital network's strategic planning and decision-making processes.

Following the adoption of the COSO framework, the organization:

  • Conducted a thorough risk assessment to identify potential risks across all departments, focusing on operational, financial, and strategic risks.
  • Developed a risk appetite statement to define the level of risk the organization was willing to accept in pursuit of its strategic objectives.
  • Implemented risk response strategies and established a risk monitoring process to ensure the effectiveness of risk management efforts over time.

The implementation of the COSO Enterprise Risk Management Framework significantly enhanced the organization's ability to manage risks proactively. This led to a more resilient operational model and improved financial stability, allowing the hospital network to better navigate the complexities of the healthcare environment.

Learn more about Strategic Planning Risk Management COSO Framework

Telehealth Services Expansion

For the expansion of telehealth services, the organization applied the Diffusion of Innovations Theory, developed by Everett Rogers. This theory provided a valuable lens through which to understand how new ideas and technologies spread within a community or organization. It was particularly relevant for predicting and enhancing the adoption rate of telehealth services among patients and healthcare providers.

Utilizing the Diffusion of Innovations Theory, the organization:

  • Identified and engaged early adopters among healthcare providers and patients to create a network of telehealth champions.
  • Utilized targeted communication strategies to address the perceived attributes of telehealth, such as relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, trialability, and observability.
  • Implemented a phased rollout of telehealth services, allowing for adjustments based on feedback and observed adoption patterns.

The strategic application of the Diffusion of Innovations Theory facilitated a smoother introduction and higher adoption rates of telehealth services. This initiative not only expanded the hospital network's reach but also reinforced its commitment to innovative healthcare solutions, significantly increasing patient engagement and satisfaction.

Operational Efficiency Improvement

The Lean Six Sigma methodology was chosen to drive the Operational Efficiency Improvement initiative. Lean Six Sigma combines the waste reduction principles of Lean manufacturing with the process improvement strategies of Six Sigma. This dual approach was highly effective in identifying and eliminating non-value-added activities while streamlining processes to enhance quality and efficiency.

In applying Lean Six Sigma, the organization:

  • Conducted value stream mapping sessions to identify process inefficiencies and areas of waste across hospital operations.
  • Implemented process improvement projects, utilizing Six Sigma's DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) framework to ensure systematic, data-driven improvements.
  • Trained key personnel in Lean Six Sigma principles, enabling a culture of continuous improvement and empowering staff to initiate further efficiency projects.

The adoption of Lean Six Sigma methodologies led to significant improvements in operational efficiency. By eliminating waste and optimizing processes, the hospital network achieved substantial cost savings. These savings contributed directly to the financial health of the organization and enhanced the quality of patient care, demonstrating the value of integrating Lean Six Sigma into healthcare operations.

Learn more about Process Improvement Continuous Improvement Value Stream Mapping

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Key Findings and Results

Here is a summary of the key results of this case study:

  • Implemented the COSO Enterprise Risk Management Framework, enhancing the hospital network's ability to proactively manage risks.
  • Increased patient engagement and satisfaction through the strategic expansion of telehealth services, leveraging the Diffusion of Innovations Theory.
  • Achieved substantial cost savings and improved patient care quality by integrating Lean Six Sigma methodologies into hospital operations.
  • Developed a risk appetite statement, aligning organizational risk tolerance with strategic objectives.
  • Engaged early adopters and utilized targeted communication strategies to achieve higher telehealth adoption rates among patients and providers.
  • Conducted value stream mapping sessions, identifying and eliminating process inefficiencies across hospital operations.

The strategic initiatives undertaken by the rural hospital network have yielded significant improvements in operational efficiency, patient engagement, and financial stability. The implementation of the COSO Enterprise Risk Management Framework has notably enhanced the network's capacity for proactive risk management, contributing to a more resilient operational model. The expansion of telehealth services, guided by the Diffusion of Innovations Theory, has successfully increased patient engagement and satisfaction, addressing the challenge of declining patient volumes. Additionally, the adoption of Lean Six Sigma methodologies has led to substantial cost savings and improved quality of patient care by eliminating inefficiencies and optimizing processes. However, the results were not uniformly successful; the report indicates areas where the expected outcomes did not fully materialize, particularly in the speed of telehealth adoption among certain patient demographics and the initial resistance to changing operational processes. These challenges suggest that a more tailored approach to change management and patient communication might have enhanced the outcomes. Further, exploring partnerships with technology providers could have accelerated the adoption and integration of telehealth services.

Based on the analysis, the recommended next steps include a focused effort on change management to further embed the new processes and technologies into the organization's culture. This should involve targeted training and communication strategies to address resistance and enhance adoption rates. Additionally, exploring strategic partnerships with technology firms could provide access to innovative solutions and expertise, potentially accelerating the benefits of telehealth and operational efficiencies. Finally, a continuous improvement framework should be established to systematically evaluate and refine the initiatives, ensuring that the hospital network remains agile and responsive to the evolving healthcare landscape.

Source: Integrated Risk Management Strategy for Rural Hospital Networks, Flevy Management Insights, 2024

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