The DICE Hard Change Factors framework is a Change Management methodology developed by Perry Keenan, Kathleen Conlon, and Alan Jackson of the Boston Consulting Group. DICE is used to calculate how well a company is implementing or how well it will be able to implement its change initiatives by evaluating 4 “hard” change factors.

Most change professionals are aware of the "soft" factors that influence the success of a change program namely, Vision, Leadership, Organizational Culture, Employee Motivation, Top-down or Participatory Approach. There are also several "hard" factors, which are often not considered. Specifically, there are 4 such hard factors, known as the DICE factors:

D - Duration
I - (Team Performance) Integrity
C - Commitment
E - Effort

This framework is based on a research project conducted in the early 1990s by BCG that analyzed 225 companies. DICE has been used at over 1,000+ companies since its inception, confirming that these factors are the only ones correlated to predict the outcome of Change initiatives.

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