Delving deeper into the Rational Decision Making Model, it's clear why it's favored for strategic decisions. This model's step-by-step process ensures that every aspect of the decision is considered, from the implications of each alternative to how each option aligns with the organization's goals. Consulting firms often advocate for this model in strategy development sessions, as it helps in breaking down complex decisions into manageable parts, ensuring nothing is overlooked.

However, the application of this model is not without challenges. The main critique revolves around its assumption of complete information and the ability to predict outcomes accurately. In reality, executives often face uncertainty and unpredictability, making it difficult to apply this model rigidly. Moreover, the time and resources required to follow through with each step can be substantial, potentially delaying decision-making in fast-moving markets.

Real-world examples of the Rational Model in action include major investments decisions, such as mergers and acquisitions, where due diligence and comprehensive analysis are critical. Organizations might use this framework to evaluate the financial health, market position, and strategic fit of a potential acquisition, ensuring that the decision is backed by solid data and aligns with long-term objectives.

The Bounded Rationality Model offers a more pragmatic approach to decision-making. It recognizes the constraints executives face, advocating for a process that is both rational and realistic. This model is particularly useful in situations where decisions need to be made quickly or when dealing with incomplete information. It encourages leaders to prioritize the most relevant information and to be mindful of their cognitive biases and limitations.

One of the strengths of this model is its flexibility. It allows for adjustments based on the situation at hand, making it applicable to a wide range of decisions, from operational changes to crisis management. Consulting firms often use this model to help clients navigate uncertain environments, providing a framework that balances thorough analysis with the realities of the business world.

Examples of the Bounded Rationality Model in practice include responding to unexpected market changes or competitive actions. For instance, an organization might need to quickly adjust its pricing strategy in response to a competitor's move. In such cases, decision-makers might not have the luxury of conducting an exhaustive analysis but can still make informed decisions by focusing on the most critical factors.

The Intuitive Model, often overlooked in traditional business settings, emphasizes the power of gut feeling and experience. This model is based on the subconscious processing of information, where decisions are made based on instincts rather than detailed analysis. It's particularly relevant in situations where quick decisions are necessary, or when dealing with problems that are difficult to quantify.

Leaders who excel in using the Intuitive Model often have years of experience and a deep understanding of their industry. This model leverages the tacit knowledge that executives accumulate over time, allowing them to make decisions swiftly and confidently. While it might seem less structured, the Intuitive Model can be highly effective, especially when combined with elements of the Rational and Bounded Rationality models.

Real-world applications of the Intuitive Model include crisis management and innovation. For example, during a crisis, executives might rely on their instincts to make immediate decisions that could mitigate risks or capitalize on emerging opportunities. Similarly, in the realm of innovation, intuition can play a crucial role in identifying unarticulated needs or potential breakthroughs that traditional analysis might overlook.

In conclusion, understanding what are the three decision making models—Rational, Bounded Rationality, and Intuitive—provides a comprehensive toolkit for executives. Each model has its strengths and limitations, and the choice of model can significantly impact the organization's ability to navigate complex decisions. By leveraging these models effectively, leaders can enhance their decision-making process, ensuring that their organization remains agile, informed, and strategically aligned.