An HVDC interconnector is a high-voltage direct current transmission link that connects two separate electricity markets or grid systems, often across long distances or underwater. It allows power to flow efficiently between regions, helping balance supply and demand, improve grid stability, and capture value from price differences between connected markets. HVDC technology is particularly well suited for long-distance subsea transmission because it reduces electrical losses compared with conventional AC systems.
This HVDC Interconnector Financial Model is a 30-year, monthly project finance model designed for subsea power links between two electricity markets. It captures bidirectional energy flows, directional spreads, utilisation, losses, development capex, operating costs, financing, and valuation, providing investors and developers with a practical tool to assess the economics of large-scale transmission infrastructure project.
The structure of the template follows Financial Modeling Best Practices principles and is fully customizable.
Model Structure
* Setup Assumptions
This section is used to input all the assumptions for the project.
It includes Project Timing, Technical Assumptions ( Total Capacity, Availability, Converters and Distance, Production Losses, Delivery Factor), Revenue Assumptions (Directional Spreads & Utilisation, Value Capture Scenarios), Operating Expenses, Capital Expenditures, Uses & Sources of Cash, Tax Incentives, and Project Financing (Equity, Debt, Grant)
* Development Budget & Development Chart
This section includes all assumptions for the property development.
It includes Hard Costs (EPC) , Soft Costs, Development Contigencies and Development timing. A dynamic chart presents the development cash flow.
* Loan Schedule
Loan amortization Schedule of project's debt including an optional moratorium and interest-only (IO) period.
* Project Cash Flows and Return Metrics
Presentation of Project's Cash Flow and Returns including the below reports:
– Monthly and Quarterly Project Cash Flow per Year
– Annual Project Cash Flow
– Financing and Tax Supporting Schedules
– Key Performance Indicators
– Unlevered & Levered Project Return Metrics (IRR, MOIC, Payback, NPV)
– Project Dashboard including performance metrics and charts
* Investors Distribution Waterfall
A 3-tier IRR hurdle waterfall model to distribute proceeds between investors. The report provides inputs for up to 4 different LPs with different equity contribution percentages and up to 4 different GPs with different equity contributions and equity share percentages. The first tier distributes cash flow to the partners until the LPs has achieved some defined preferred return and received a full return of capital. Assuming the preferred return hurdle is hit in tier one, cash flow is distributed in tiers two and three based on a defined promote structure and hurdle rates as outlined by the user.
* Project Executive Summary
Professional Executive Summary report containing all of the high-level relevant information for review and is designed to be easy to read, print, and save to pdf. The report includes Project General Info, Timing, Sources, and Uses of Cash, Operations Summary and Key Metrics, Levelized Cost of Interconnection (LCOI), Project and Investor return metrics.
Instructions on the use of the model are included in the Excel file.
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Source: Best Practices in Financial Modeling Excel: Subsea HVDC Interconnector - 30 Year Financial Model Excel (XLSX) Spreadsheet, Profit Vision
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