John Kotter, a professor at the Harvard Business School, is the foremost expert on Change Management and author of the 8-Step Change Model.

Kotter stated "Over the past decade, I have watched over 100 companies try to remake themselves." He concluded that "the most general lesson to be learned" from his observations of the "more successful cases" was that the change process goes through a series of 8 phases:

1. Establish a Sense of Urgency
2. Create a Coalition
3. Develop a Clear Vision
4. Share the Vision
5. Empower People to Clear Obstacles
6. Secure Short-term Wins
7. Consolidate and Keep Moving
8. Anchor the Change

The 8-Step Change Model is the most commonly used framework for organizational change by organizations of all sizes. It comprises 8 overlapping steps. The first 3 are all about creating a climate for change. The next on engaging and enabling the organization. The last focuses on implementing and sustaining change.

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