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Shortly after Quality Function Deployment (QFD) was invented in Japan in the late 1960s, Robert S. Kaplan, Harvard Business School Professor, quipped, "If you can't measure it, you can't manage it." It is clear that Kaplan understood the role of QFD in disruptive and fast-paced business ecosystems. QFD is a systematic process for translating customer expectations into specific plans and processes to meet those expectations. Given the pace at which customer needs and technology are changing, Fortune 500 C-level executives should prioritize QFD to stay ahead.
Failure to adequately understand customers' voices leads to lost opportunities and competitive disadvantage—a fact underscored by a McKinsey survey, showing that companies in the top quartile for customer experience have a return on investment that is 77% above those in the bottom quartile. QFD can address this by methodically transforming customer needs into products, services, and operational parameters that align with those needs.
QFD Process and Applications
At its heart, the QFD process utilizes a "House of Quality"—a structured framework for capturing the voice of the customer, translating it into technical requirements, and prioritizing these requirements strategically. QFD encompasses four phases: Product Planning, Part Deployment, Process Planning, and Process Control—a systematic approach that echoes Kaplan's mantra of measure and manage. QFD has found broad applications across industries, from automobile manufacturing to software development and healthcare.
Insights and Best Practices for Implementing QFD
Here are some unique insights and best practices for C-level executives when implementing QFD in their strategic management:
- Embed QFD in Strategic Planning: An Accenture study confirmed that businesses with tightly aligned strategic and execution processes outperformed their peers by 36% in terms of revenue and 40% in terms of profit. Integrating QFD into your Strategic Planning process can align your organization's objectives with customer-centric requirements and solutions.
- Embrace Cultural Shifts: For QFD to be successful, there must be a Culture of quality and customer orientation throughout the organization. This shift in Culture necessitates a top-down approach, where C-level executives lead by example.
- Involve Cross-Functional Teams: QFD requires a comprehensive perspective on customer needs, therefore, it's essential to involve multi-disciplinary teams in the QFD process for a richer understanding of customer expectations and technically feasible solutions.
- Leverage Technology: In our digital age, AI, Big Data, and Analytical Tools can provide detailed insights into customer behaviors, sentiments, and desires. Successful implementation of QFD involves leveraging advanced technology to analyze intricate data and draw meaningful conclusions.
- Iterate and evolve: QFD is not a one-time activity. It's an iterative process that evolves with changing market trends, customer expectations, and internal capabilities. Regular re-evaluations and adaptations of the QFD framework should be part of your Change Management plan.
Benchmarking Business Performance with QFD
Performance Management is critical for businesses, and QFD can play a pivotal role here. QFD facilitates benchmarking against competitors and market leaders, identifying gaps, and formulating strategic change initiatives. As per a Boston Consulting Group survey, companies using rigorous Performance Management approaches had an average annual Total Shareholder Return (TSR) 30% higher than their less-disciplined peers.
In summary, C-level executives aiming for heightened Operational Excellence should leverage QFD as a powerful tool in their Strategic Management toolbox. By doing so, they can ensure they create Value for their customers and stakeholders in line with Kaplan's advice: measure it to manage it.
