Tokenization of real estate is the process of converting ownership of a real estate asset into digital tokens on a blockchain. Each token represents a share or fraction of the underlying property, allowing individuals to invest in and own a portion of the property rather than the whole asset. This concept blends the traditional real estate market with blockchain technology, providing a way to democratize property ownership and make it more accessible.
This financial model supports the acquisition of a real estate asset by analyzing the investment structure in which a portion of the required equity is raised through digital tokens. It provides a clear, investor-focused projection of rental income, operating costs, cash flows, and capital appreciation over the investment horizon. The model quantifies investor returns—such as annual dividends and long-term value growth—based on fractional ownership, and includes core financial metrics like ROI and IRR. Designed to demonstrate the viability and performance of a tokenized equity raise, the model offers a transparent and structured view of how token holders participate in income and value creation without reliance on secondary market trading.
The structure of the template follows Financial Modeling Best Practices principles and is fully customizable.
Model Structure
• General Setup & Acquisition Inputs
Investment-related inputs including Property Metrics (property type, size), Project Timing, Acquisition, Renovation and Sale Assumptions, Rental Revenue, Opex Assumptions, Financing through Equity and Debt, and Tokenization Assumptions (tokenized equity share, total tokenholders, total token supply, token price).
• Debt Schedule
Amortization Schedule including loan terms (interest rate, loan term, moratorium period, interest only period)
• Monthly Cash Flow
Monthly CF presents all the operating cash flows of the property over monthly periods. It allows users to control the timing and how the cash flows over that time.
• Annual Cash Flow
A roll-up of the monthly cash flows into annual periods from property acquisition to disposition.
• Project Returns
Report presenting project unlevered and levered returns (Pre-Tax & After-Tax IRR, MOIC, Cash Outflows, Inflows and Profits)
• Investors' Returns Waterfall
A 4-tier IRR hurdle waterfall model to distribute proceeds between investors. The model allows for up to four tiers (IRR hurdles) and assumes only one sponsor (i.e., GP) and one LP. The first tier distributes cash flow to the partners until the LP has achieved some defined preferred return and received a full return of capital. Assuming the preferred return hurdle is hit in tier one, cash flow is distributed in tiers two through four based on a defined promote structure and hurdle rates as outlined by the user.
• Token Cash flow & Returns
Report presenting Tokenholders returns and Token Cash flow
• Investment Summary:
A high-level summary of the project key info, including:
• Key Project Metrics (Property Metrics, Acquistion & Exit Yield, Payback period, DSCR)
• Uses & Sources of Cash
• Operations Summary (Gross Revenue, Net Operating Income, Net Cash Flow)
• Project Level & Investors Return Metrics (Unlevered & Levered)
• Tokenization Summary (Tokenized Equity, Token Supply, Tokenholders Returns, Token IRR, and Exit proceeds per token)
• Dashboard
Detailed instructions for the use of the model are included in the Excel file.
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Source: Best Practices in Real Estate, Bitcoin Excel: Real Estate Tokenization - 10 Year Financial Model Excel (XLSX) Spreadsheet, Profit Vision
Real Estate Integrated Financial Model Bitcoin Digital Transformation Blockchain Private Equity
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